Caracterización clínica epidemiológica de los defectos congénitos del tracto genitourinario / Clinical-epidemiological Characterization of Congenital Defects of the Urinary Tract

Introducción: La malformación congénita es una alteración estructural de un órgano o parte de este, que sucede como consecuencia de una alteración durante la morfogénesis y que puede corresponder a defectos menores o mayores, únicos, múltiples o asilados. Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente los defectos congénitos del tracto genitourinario. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo en 453 fetos con diagnóstico por ecografía bidimensional de defecto congénito del tracto genitourinario. Para ello se tomó en cuenta la edad materna y gestacional al diagnóstico, antecedentes personales y familiares de interés clínico genético y la conducta terapéutica según criterio médico. Los datos fueron procesados mediante el Programa Microsoft Excel 2010, aplicándoles el método porcentual y los resultados expuestos en forma de tablas. Resultados: El 75,27 por ciento de las anomalías se presentaron en gestantes con edad materna entre 20 y 34 años. El 62,6 por ciento de los defectos fueron diagnosticados en el segundo trimestre del embarazo, con predominio del sexo masculino en los fetos estudiados. La pielocaliectacia (27,3 por ciento) resultó la principal causa de evaluación inicial seguida de la hidronefrosis (26,2 por ciento). Hubo correlación entre el diagnóstico definitivo por ultrasonido y el resultado de la necropsia. Los casos en seguimiento no presentaron ninguna complicación y solo en nueve gestantes se registró interrupción anterior por defectos genitourinarios. Conclusiones: Se constató aumento progresivo del diagnóstico de anomalías congénitas del tracto genitourinario por años de estudio, las pielocaliectacias bilaterales resultaron la principal causa de evaluación inicial(AU)

Introduction: A congenital malformation is a structural alteration of an organ or part of it, which happens as a consequence of an alteration during morphogenesis and may correspond to minor or major, unique, multiple or isolated defects. Objective: To characterize, clinically and epidemiologically, the congenital defects of the genitourinary tract. Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out in 453 fetuses diagnosed with a congenital defect of the genitourinary tract by using two-dimensional ultrasound. For this, we considered the maternal and gestational ages at diagnosis, personal and family history of clinical genetic interest, and therapeutic behavior according to medical criteria. The data was processed using the program Microsoft Excel 2010, applying the percentage method and the results presented in tables. Results: 75.27 percent of the anomalies occurred in pregnant women with maternal ages between 20 and 34 years. 62.6 percent of the defects were diagnosed at second trimester of pregnancy, with a predominance of the male sex in the studied fetuses. Pyelocaliectasis (27.3 percent) was the main cause of initial evaluation, followed by hydronephrosis (26.2 percent). There was a correlation between the definitive ultrasound diagnosis and the outcome of the autopsy. The follow-up cases did not present any complications and only nine pregnant women presented a previous interruption due to genitourinary defects. Conclusions: A progressive increase in the diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the genitourinary tract was verified for years of study. Bilateral pyelocaliectasis was the main cause of initial evaluation(AU)

Unilateral absence of vas deferens: prevalence among 23, 013 men seeking vasectomy

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine the prevalence of unilateral absence of vas deferens (UAVD) in men with both testes seeking vasectomy. Materials and Methods: Computerized charts of 23,013 patients encountered between January 1994 and December 2013 in one university hospital and two community clinics of Quebec City, Canada, were searched. Pre-vasectomy consultation, operative reports and semen analysis results were reviewed to identify cases of UAVD. Cases were categorized as confirmed (unilateral vasectomy and success confirmed by semen analysis) or possible congenital UAVD further sub-categorized according to whether or not a scrotal anomaly was present. Results: Among 159 men identified as potentially having UAVD, chart review revealed that 47 had only one testicle, 26 had bilateral vasa, and four were misdiagnosed (post-vasectomy semen analysis [PVSA] showing motile sperm after unilateral vasectomy) leaving 82 men deemed cases of UAVD (0.36%, 95% confidence interval 0.28% to 0.43%). These were classified as confirmed (n=48, 0.21%) and possible (n=34, 0.15%; 22 without and 12 with scrotal anomalies) congenital UAVD. The misdiagnosis ratio of UAVD was low when scrotal content was otherwise normal (1:48), but higher if anomalies were present (3:12). Conclusions: Most surgeons who perform vasectomy will encounter cases of UAVD. In most suspected cases, it is safe and effective to proceed with unilateral vasectomy under local anesthesia while stressing the need for PVSA. Further studies or scrotal exploration may be considered in patient with prior scrotal surgery.

Antenatal Detection of Renal Malformations.

Our aim was to study the incidence and outcome of antenatally detected renal malformations in rural Maharashtra. Among 7365 deliveries conducted during the study period, antenatal screening for renal malformations was done in 6682 (90.7 %) deliveries. Renal malformations were detected in 35 fetuses on antenatal screening. Postnatal investigations confirmed renal malformations in 27 babies (77.1%), giving an incidence of 0.4% among liveborn babies. Seven babies were operated and 2 were awaiting surgery (33.3%). Two patients expired and another two were lost to follow-up. The outcome was satisfactory in other patients. Antenatal screening was a useful tool in diagnosing renal malformations.

Congenital malformations among live births at Arvand hospital, Ahwaz, Iran - Aprospective study

The aim of the study was to determine the profile of congenital malformations [CM] among live births at Arvand hospital, in Ahwaz city. In this prospective study all of the neonates born at Arvand hospital in Ahwaz from 2004 to 2006 were registered. Stillbirths and those who died in a few hours after birth were excluded and finally 4660 newborns were enrolled. Of the 4660 live births 94 [20.2/1000] had at least a CM. The predominant systems involved were musculoskeletal [7.9/1000], followed by genitourinary [7.1/1000], central nervous [2.4 /1000], digestive [1.1/1000] and chromosomal anomalies [0.9/1000]. Although the frequency of malformations in the study was approximately similar to other investigations, if we include abortions, stillbirths and if we used screening tests and genetic studies, this rate was more than 20.1/1000

Morbilidad de las Uropatías Congénitas Obstructivas del Tractus Urinario Superior más frecuentes en Matanzas / Morbidity of the Congenital Obstructive Uropathies of the Upper Urinary Tract more frequently in Matanzas

Se revisa la morbilidad de las más frecuentes anomalías congénitas del Sistema Urinario en la provincia de Matanzas, Cuba, en un período de 30 años. Se encuentra que las más frecuentes malformaciones Urológicas son el Reflujo Vésico Ureteral, la Hidronefrosis Congénita, por compromiso de la unión pielo ureteral, la Estenosis Urétero Vesical y el Ureterocele. Se analizan la incidencia de estas patologías, edad, sexo, raza, síntomas más frecuentes, técnicas quirúrgicas utilizadas y las patologías asociadas

We review the morbidity of the more frequently congenital anomalies of the Upper Urinary System in the province of Matanzas, Cuba, in a period of 30 years. We found that the more frequently urological malformations are the vesico–urethral Reflux; the congenital hydronefrosis for the compromise of the skin-urethral joint; vesico-urethral stenosis and ureterocele. We analyze the incidence of these pathologies, age, sex, race, and more frequent symptoms; used surgical techniques and associated anomalies.

Urogenital anomalies associated with anorectal malformations in children.

The urogenital tract is the most severe and common site of associated defects in anorectal malformations (ARM). Urogenital anomalies and their complications significantly increase the morbidity in these children after the ARM is corrected. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of different types of urogenital anomalies with various types of anorectal malformations and to discuss the possible management and outcome. A retrospective study of patients with ARM and associated urogenital abnormalities admitted in the department of paediatric surgery of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital between 1998 and 2002 was undertaken. A total of 155 patients with Anorectal malformations were admitted of which 47 (30.32%) patients had associated anomalies involving other systems. Urogenital abnormalities were found in 25 (16.13%) patients. Patients of Anorectal malformations with urogenital abnormalities require careful assessment and well-timed intervention to minimize the morbidity.

Pathological study of the uterine tubes in non-pregnant camels [Camelus dromedarius] slaughtered in Yazd province, Iran

This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of uterine tubes abnormalities in dromedary camels. The uterine tubes of genital tracts of 96 slaughtered non-pregnant camels were examined grossly and microscopically. The pathological changes observed were salpingitis [2.08%], uterine tube duplication [1.04%], accessory uterine tubes [1.04%], segmental aplasia and hydrosalpinx with cystic hyperplasia of the uterine tubes, ovary and uterus [1.04%]. The effects of these abnormalities on fertility of these camels were not detected because the history of their reproduction was not available. In the present study, for the first time, uterine tube duplication, accessory uterine tubes and simultaneous occurrence of cystic changes in uterine tubes, ovary and uterus were reported in dromedary camel

Associated anomalies with anorectal malformation (ARM).

OBJECTIVE: To find the prevalence of associated anomalies in children with anorectal malformation (ARM). METHODS: One hundred and forty patients (80 males and 60 females) with expand were studied to detect associated anomalies and to find their prevalence. High and low type of ARM was seen in 52.14% and 47.86% of patients respectively. Associated anomalies were more common with high type of ARM (78.08%) than in patients with low type of ARM (37.31%). 58.57% patients had associated anomalies which included those of urinary system (37.14%), vertebral system (34.28%), skeletal system other than vertebral (15.17%), genital system (14.29%), cardiovascular system (12.14%), gastrointestinal tract (10.7%) and spinal cord (10%). RESULTS: 37.43% patients had 3 or more than 3 components of VACTERL association. Two patients had all six components of VACTERL. Most common association was vertebral, anal and renal anomalies seen in 16 patients. CONCLUSION: Patients with ARM should undergo a detailed general physical, systemic and radiological examination (infanto-gram, echocardiography, US of urogenital system) in neonatal period to detect associated anomalies in early period.